Taclonex

Generic Name: betamethasone and calcipotriene (Topical application route)

bay-ta-METH-a-sone dye-PROE-pee-oh-nate, kal-si-poe-TRYE-een

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Taclonex


• Taclonex Scalp

Available Dosage Forms:

• Ointment


• Suspension

Therapeutic Class: Antipsoriatic

Pharmacologic Class: Betamethasone

Uses For Taclonex

Betamethasone and calcipotriene combination is used on the skin and scalp to treat psoriasis.

Betamethasone is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). It helps relieve redness, pain, itching, swelling, or other discomfort caused by certain skin problems.

Calcipotriene is a form of Vitamin D. It works by changing how the skin cells are produced in areas affected by psoriasis.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Taclonex

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of betamethasone and calcipotriene combination in children. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of betamethasone and calcipotriene combination in the elderly.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Rotavirus Vaccine, Live

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Aldesleukin


• Bupropion


• Quetiapine

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Alatrofloxacin


• Alcuronium


• Aspirin


• Atracurium


• Balofloxacin


• Cinoxacin


• Ciprofloxacin


• Clinafloxacin


• Desogestrel


• Dienogest


• Drospirenone


• Enoxacin


• Estradiol Cypionate


• Estradiol Valerate


• Ethinyl Estradiol


• Ethynodiol Diacetate


• Etonogestrel


• Fleroxacin


• Flumequine


• Fosphenytoin


• Gallamine


• Gemifloxacin


• Grepafloxacin


• Hexafluorenium


• Itraconazole


• Levofloxacin


• Levonorgestrel


• Licorice


• Lomefloxacin


• Medroxyprogesterone Acetate


• Mestranol


• Metocurine


• Moxifloxacin


• Norelgestromin


• Norethindrone


• Norfloxacin


• Norgestimate


• Norgestrel


• Ofloxacin


• Pefloxacin


• Phenobarbital


• Phenytoin


• Primidone


• Prulifloxacin


• Rifampin


• Rifapentine


• Rosoxacin


• Rufloxacin


• Saiboku-To


• Sparfloxacin


• Temafloxacin


• Tosufloxacin


• Trovafloxacin Mesylate

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Atrophy (thin skin) at the site to be treated or


• Skin or scalp infection—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

• Erythrodermic (severe redness) psoriasis or


• Exfoliative (peeling skin) psoriasis or


• Hypercalcemia (high calcium in the blood) or


• Hypercalciuria (high calcium in the urine) or


• Pustular (with pus) psoriasis—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

Proper Use of betamethasone and calcipotriene

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain betamethasone and calcipotriene. It may not be specific to Taclonex. Please read with care.

This medicine is for use on the skin or scalp only. Do not get it in your eyes, nose, mouth, or apply it on your face, under your arms, or on your groin area. Do not use it on skin or scalp areas that have cuts or scrapes. If it does get on these areas, rinse it off right away.

This medicine comes with a patient information insert. Read and follow the instructions in the insert carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.

Keep using this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms have disappeared. Do not miss any doses. However, do not use this medicine more often or for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.

Wash your hands with soap and water before and after using this medicine.

The treated areas should not be bandaged or covered after the medicine is applied.

Do not use this medicine for treating skin problems other than the one for which it was prescribed by your doctor.

To use the ointment form:

• Apply enough medicine to the affected areas of your skin and rub in gently.


• Do not use the ointment for more than 4 weeks unless your doctor has told you to.

To use the topical liquid form:

• Shake the bottle before using the medicine.


• Apply enough medicine to the affected areas on your scalp and rub it in gently.


• Do not wash your hair right after applying this medicine.


• Do not apply this medicine in the 12 hours before or after using any hair chemical treatments. Talk with your doctor first about it.


• Do not use the topical liquid for more than 8 weeks unless your doctor has told you to.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For psoriasis:
  
  • For topical dosage form (ointment):
    
    • Adults—Apply to the affected areas of the skin once a day. Treatment may be continued for up to 4 weeks or as determined by your doctor.
    
    
    • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  
  • For topical dosage form (liquid):
    
    • Adults—Apply to the affected areas on the scalp once a day for 2 weeks or until the area is cleared. Treatment may be continued for up to 8 weeks or as determined by your doctor.
    
    
    • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Keep the bottle of topical liquid in the carton when not in use. Use it within 3 months after it has been opened.

Precautions While Using Taclonex

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Using too much of this medicine or using it for a long time may increase your risk of having adrenal gland problems. Talk to your doctor if you have more than one of these symptoms while you are using this medicine: darkening of the skin; diarrhea; dizziness; fainting; loss of appetite; mental depression; nausea; skin rash; unusual tiredness or weakness; or vomiting.

This medicine may cause too much calcium to build up in your body. Talk to your doctor if you have more than one of these symptoms while you are using this medicine: abdominal pain; confusion; constipation; depression; dry mouth; headache; incoherent speech; increased urination; loss of appetite; a metallic taste; muscle weakness; nausea; thirst; unusual tiredness; vomiting; or weight loss.

Make sure your doctor knows if you are also having ultraviolet (UV) light treatments (phototherapy) for your psoriasis before using this medicine.

This medicine may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when you are outdoors. Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Taclonex Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common

• Burning, itching, and pain in hairy areas


• burning sensation of skin


• flushing or redness of skin


• itching skin


• pus at root of hair


• red, scaling, or crusted skin


• scaly rash


• skin irritation


• thinning of skin with easy bruising


• unusually warm skin

Rare

• Body aches or pain


• chills


• cough


• darkening of skin


• diarrhea


• difficulty in breathing


• ear congestion


• fever


• general feeling of discomfort or illness


• headache


• joint pain


• lightening of normal skin color


• lightening of treated areas of dark skin


• loss of appetite


• loss of voice


• muscle aches and pains


• nasal congestion


• nausea


• raised, dark red, or wart-like spots on skin


• runny nose


• shivering


• sneezing


• sore throat


• spots on your skin that look like a blister or pimple


• sweating


• trouble sleeping


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• vomiting

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Less common

• Bruising


• large, flat, blue, or purplish patches in the skin


• pain


• stuffy or runny nose

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Taclonex side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Taclonex resources

• Taclonex Side Effects (in more detail)
• Taclonex Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Taclonex Drug Interactions
• Taclonex Support Group
• 14 Reviews for Taclonex - Add your own review/rating

• Taclonex Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Taclonex Ointment MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Taclonex Consumer Overview


• Taclonex Scalp Suspension MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare Taclonex with other medications

• Psoriasis

Trihexane

Generic Name: trihexyphenidyl (try hex ee FEH nih dill)

Brand Names: Artane, Trihexane

What is Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Trihexyphenidyl alters unusual nerve impulses and relaxes stiff muscles.

Trihexyphenidyl is used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease. It is also used to treat and prevent the same muscular conditions when they are caused by drugs such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), haloperidol (Haldol), thiothixene (Navane), and others.

Trihexyphenidyl may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Trihexyphenidyl may cause dizziness or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness or blurred vision, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking trihexyphenidyl.

Avoid becoming overheated. Trihexyphenidyl may cause decreased sweating. This could lead to heat stroke in hot weather or with vigorous exercise.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Do not use trihexyphenidyl without first talking to your doctor if you have

• 
  

  ever had an allergic reaction to it;

  
  


• 
  

  narrow-angle glaucoma;

  
  


• 
  

  an obstruction in the bowel or a complication of bowel disease known as megacolon; or

  
  


• 
  

  myasthenia gravis.

  
  

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have

• 
  

  enlargement of the prostate or difficulty urinating;

  
  


• 
  

  epilepsy or another seizure disorder;

  
  


• 
  

  heart disease or an irregular heartbeat;

  
  


• 
  

  depression or any other psychiatric illness;

  
  


• kidney disease; or


• liver disease.

You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

It is not known whether trihexyphenidyl will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether trihexyphenidyl passes into breast milk. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Take trihexyphenidyl exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. Trihexyphenidyl may be taken with or without meals. Taking trihexyphenidyl with food may lessen stomach upset.

To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid form of trihexyphenidyl with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one.

Store trihexyphenidyl at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and only take the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a trihexyphenidyl overdose include large pupils; warm, dry skin; flushed face; fever; dry mouth; fast or irregular heartbeat; anxiety; hallucinations; confusion; agitation; hyperactivity; loss of consciousness; and seizures.

What should I avoid while taking Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Trihexyphenidyl may cause dizziness or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness or blurred vision, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking trihexyphenidyl.

Avoid becoming overheated. Trihexyphenidyl may cause decreased sweating. This could lead to heat stroke in hot weather or with vigorous exercise. Try to keep as cool as possible and watch for signs of heat stroke such as decreased sweating, nausea, and dizziness.

Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl) side effects

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking trihexyphenidyl and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:

• 
  

  an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives);

  
  


• 
  

  fever;

  
  


• 
  

  fast or irregular heartbeats;

  
  


• 
  

  anxiety, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, hyperactivity, or loss of consciousness;

  
  


• 
  

  seizures;

  
  


• 
  

  eye pain; or

  
  


• 
  

  a rash.

  
  

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take trihexyphenidyl and talk to your doctor if you experience

• 
  

  dryness of the mouth;

  
  


• 
  

  large pupils or blurred vision;

  
  


• 
  

  drowsiness or dizziness;

  
  


• 
  

  difficulty urinating or constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  nervousness or anxiety;

  
  


• 
  

  upset stomach; or

  
  


• 
  

  decreased sweating.

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trihexane (trihexyphenidyl)?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:

• a tricyclic antidepressant (used to treat depression, pain, or obsessive-compulsive disorder) such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), doxepin (Sinequan), clomipramine (Anafranil), amoxapine (Asendin), desipramine (Norpramin), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), or protriptyline (Vivactil);


• 
  

  a phenothiazine (used to treat mania, schizophrenia, other psychiatric conditions, and nausea and vomiting) such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), mesoridazine (Serentil), thioridazine (Mellaril), promazine (Sparine), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), and others;

  
  


• 
  

  thiothixene (Navane) or chlorprothixene (Taractan);

  
  


• 
  

  an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, others), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, others), triprolidine (Actifed, others), brompheniramine (Dimetapp, others), clemastine (Tavist), and others (antihistamines are often found in prescription and over-the-counter cold, allergy, and sleep medicines);

  
  


• 
  

  quinidine (Quinora, Quinaglute, Quinidex, Cardioquin);

  
  


• 
  

  amantadine (Symmetrel);

  
  


• 
  

  digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps); or

  
  


• 
  

  haloperidol (Haldol).

  
  

You may not be able to take trihexyphenidyl or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with trihexyphenidyl. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.

More Trihexane resources

• Trihexane Side Effects (in more detail)
• Trihexane Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Trihexane Drug Interactions
• Trihexane Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Trihexane - Add your own review/rating

• Trihexane Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Trihexyphenidyl MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Trihexyphenidyl Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Monograph (AHFS DI)

Compare Trihexane with other medications

• Cerebral Spasticity
• Extrapyramidal Reaction
• Parkinson's Disease

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has more information about trihexyphenidyl written for health professionals that you may read.

See also: Trihexane side effects (in more detail)

Epivir

Pronunciation: la-MIV-ue-deen
Generic Name: Lamivudine
Brand Name: Epivir

Epivir may cause severe and sometimes fatal liver problems or high blood acid levels (lactic acidosis). Contact your doctor right away if you develop yellowing of the skin or eyes; dark urine; pale stools; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; persistent loss of appetite; fast or difficult breathing; slow or irregular heartbeat; unusual weakness or tiredness; muscle pain or tenderness; unusual feeling of cold (eg, in arms or legs); or unusual drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness.

Some patients with both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV infection who took Epivir experienced severe worsening of HBV infection after they stopped it. Patients who have both HBV and HIV infection need close medical follow-up to check for worsening liver problems for at least several months after they stop Epivir. Keep all doctor and lab appointments. Do not stop taking Epivir without checking with your doctor.

Epivir contains a higher dose of the same ingredient found in Epivir-HBV. Do not switch between Epivir and Epivir-HBV without checking with your doctor. Epivir-HBV does not contain the correct amount of medicine to treat HIV infection.

Epivir is used for:

Treating HIV infection in combination with other medicines.

Epivir is a nucleoside analogue. It works by blocking the growth of HIV.

Do NOT use Epivir if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Epivir


• you have an enlarged liver, abnormal liver function tests, or high levels of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis)


• you are taking zalcitabine, emtricitabine, or another medicine containing lamivudine

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Epivir:

Some medical conditions may interact with Epivir. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have a history of muscle problems, pancreas problems, abnormal blood cell counts, liver disease (eg, hepatitis) or other liver problems (eg, abnormal liver function tests), kidney problems, diabetes, lactic acidosis, or a nerve disorder


• if you are very overweight


• if the patient is a child who has a history of pancreas problems or who has previously taken other medicine for HIV infection

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Epivir. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Interferon alfa or ribavirin because severe liver problems may occur


• Emtricitabine, other medicines that contain lamivudine, or trimethoprim because they may increase the risk of Epivir's side effects


• Zalcitabine because it may decrease Epivir's effectiveness

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Epivir may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Epivir:

Use Epivir as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Take Epivir by mouth with or without food.


• Continue to take Epivir even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.


• Taking Epivir at the same time each day will help you remember to take it.


• If you miss a dose of Epivir, take it as soon as possible. If it is within 2 hours of your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Epivir.

Important safety information:

• Epivir may cause drowsiness or dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Epivir with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• When your medicine supply is low, get more from your doctor or pharmacist as soon as you can. Do not stop taking Epivir, even for a short period of time. If you do, the virus may grow resistant to the medicine and become harder to treat.


• Epivir is not a cure for HIV infection. Patients may still get illnesses and infections associated with HIV. Remain under the care of your doctor.


• Epivir does not stop the spread of HIV to others through blood or sexual contact. Use barrier methods of birth control (eg, condoms) if you have HIV infection. Do not share needles, injection supplies, or items like toothbrushes or razors.


• Epivir may improve immune system function. This may reveal hidden infections in some patients. Tell your doctor right away if you notice symptoms of infection (eg, fever, sore throat, weakness, cough, shortness of breath) after you start Epivir.


• Cases of worsening liver disease have been reported when Epivir is stopped in patients with both HIV and HBV infection. Discuss any medicine changes with your doctor.


• If you have HBV infection, your doctor will perform lab tests for several months after you stop taking Epivir. Some patients have had worsening HBV after stopping use of Epivir. Tell your doctor about any new or unusual symptoms that you notice after stopping treatment.


• Diabetes patients - Epivir may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.


• Changes in body fat (eg, an increased amount of fat in the upper back, neck, breast, and trunk, and loss of fat from the legs, arms, and face) may occur in some patients taking Epivir. The cause and long-term effects of these changes are unknown. Discuss any concerns with your doctor.


• Lab tests, including liver and kidney function tests, may be performed while you use Epivir. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Epivir with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects.


• Use Epivir with caution in CHILDREN; they may be more likely to experience certain side effects, including pancreas problems, wheezing, ear pain or swelling, or swollen lymph nodes.


• Epivir should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN who are younger than 3 months old or who weigh less than 31 pounds; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Epivir while you are pregnant. Epivir is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Epivir. Mothers infected with HIV should not breast-feed. There is a risk of passing the HIV infection or Epivir to the baby.

Possible side effects of Epivir:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Cough; diarrhea; dizziness; general body discomfort; headache; loss of appetite; mild mouth pain or swelling; muscle or joint pain; nausea; runny/stuffy nose; stomach pain or cramps; tiredness; trouble sleeping; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); burning, numbness, or tingling sensation; dark urine; ear pain or discharge; fever, chills, or sore throat; mental or mood changes; pale stools; persistent loss of appetite; severe or persistent muscle pain, ache, or tenderness; severe or persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; severe or persistent stomach pain or tenderness; swollen lymph nodes; symptoms of lactic acidosis (eg, fast or difficult breathing; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; severe or persistent weakness or tiredness; unusual drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness; unusual feeling of cold in the arms or legs; wheezing); yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Epivir side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Epivir:

Store Epivir at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Epivir out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Epivir, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Epivir is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Epivir. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Epivir resources

• Epivir Side Effects (in more detail)
• Epivir Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Epivir Drug Interactions
• Epivir Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Epivir - Add your own review/rating

• Epivir Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Epivir Consumer Overview


• Epivir Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Lamivudine Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Lamivudine Monograph (AHFS DI)

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• Hepatitis B
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• Occupational Exposure

tioconazole vaginal

Generic Name: tioconazole vaginal (tee oh CON a zole)

Brand Names: Monistat-1, Vagistat-1

What is tioconazole vaginal?

Tioconazole is an antifungal medication. It prevents fungus from growing.

Tioconazole vaginal is used to treat vaginal candida (yeast) infections.

Tioconazole vaginal may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about tioconazole vaginal?

Use this medication for the full amount of time prescribed by your doctor or recommended in the package even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely healed.

Avoid wearing tight-fitting, synthetic clothing (e.g., panty hose) that does not allow air circulation. Wear loose-fitting clothing made of cotton and other natural fibers until the infection is healed.

Avoid getting this medication in the eyes, nose, or mouth.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using tioconazole vaginal?

Do not use tioconazole vaginal if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it.

Do not use tioconazole vaginal if you have a fever, abdominal pain, foul-smelling discharge, diabetes, HIV, or AIDS. Consult your doctor.

Tioconazole vaginal is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether tioconazole vaginal will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether tioconazole passes into breast milk. Do not use tioconazole vaginal without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use tioconazole vaginal?

Use tioconazole vaginal exactly as directed by your doctor or follow the directions that accompany the package. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Wash your hands before and after using this medication.

Insert the ointment into the vagina using the applicator as directed.

It is important to use tioconazole vaginal as directed to get the most benefit.

You can use a sanitary napkin to prevent the medication from staining your clothing but do not use a tampon.

If the infection does not clear up after you have finished one course of therapy, or if it appears to get worse, see your doctor. You may have another type of infection.

Avoid getting this medication in your eyes, nose or mouth. Store tioconazole vaginal at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since tioconazole is a one day treatment, missing a dose is not usually a problem.

What happens if I overdose?

An overdose of tioconazole vaginal is unlikely. If you do suspect that a much larger than normal dose has been used or that tioconazole vaginal has been ingested, contact an emergency room or a poison control center.

What should I avoid while using tioconazole vaginal?

Avoid wearing tight-fitting, synthetic clothing (e.g., panty hose) that does not allow air circulation. Wear loose-fitting clothing made of cotton and other natural fibers until the infection is healed.

Tioconazole may damage a condom or diaphragm. Use another form of birth control while using tioconazole vaginal and for 72 hours following treatment.

Tioconazole vaginal side effects

Stop using tioconazole vaginal and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (shortness of breath; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, face, or tongue; or hives).

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. These include burning, itching, irritation of the skin, and an increased need to urinate.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Tioconazole vaginal Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis:

1 applicatorful once at bedtime

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis:

12 years or older: 1 applicatorful once at bedtime

What other drugs will affect tioconazole vaginal?

Avoid using other vaginal creams or douches at the same time as tioconazole vaginal unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with tioconazole vaginal. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

More tioconazole vaginal resources

• Tioconazole vaginal Side Effects (in more detail)
• Tioconazole vaginal Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Tioconazole vaginal Support Group
• 7 Reviews for Tioconazole - Add your own review/rating

Compare tioconazole vaginal with other medications

• Vaginal Yeast Infection

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has additional information about tioconazole vaginal written for health professionals that you may read.

See also: tioconazole side effects (in more detail)

Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Medications

There are currently no drugs listed for "Abnormal Glucose Tolerance".

Learn more about Abnormal Glucose Tolerance

Micromedex Care Notes:

• Gestational Diabetes

Medical Encyclopedia:

• Gestational diabetes
• Glucose test - blood

Drug List:

thioxanthene Oral, Parenteral

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Navane

Available Dosage Forms:

• Liquid


• Capsule


• Tablet


• Solution

Uses For thioxanthene

The family of medicines known as thioxanthenes are used in the treatment of nervous, mental, and emotional conditions. Improvement in such conditions is thought to result from the effect of these medicines on nerve pathways in specific areas of the brain.

Thioxanthene medicines are available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using thioxanthene

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Certain side effects, such as muscle spasms of the face, neck, and back, tic-like or twitching movements, inability to move the eyes, twisting of the body, or weakness of the arms and legs, are more likely to occur in children, who are usually more sensitive than adults to the side effects of thioxanthenes.

Geriatric

Constipation, dizziness or fainting, drowsiness, dryness of mouth, trembling of the hands and fingers, and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (such as rapid, worm-like movements of the tongue or any other uncontrolled movements of the mouth, tongue, or jaw, and/or arms and legs) are especially likely to occur in elderly patients, who are usually more sensitive than younger adults to the effects of thioxanthenes.

Pregnancy

Studies have not been done in pregnant women. Although animal studies have not shown that thioxanthenes cause birth defects, the studies have shown that these medicines cause a decrease in fertility and fewer successful pregnancies.

Breast Feeding

It is not known if thioxanthenes pass into the breast milk. However, similar medicines for nervous, mental, or emotional conditions do pass into breast milk and may cause drowsiness and increase the risk of other problems in the nursing baby. Be sure you have discussed the risks and benefits of thioxanthene with your doctor.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these medicines, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with a medication in this class or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Metoclopramide

Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Hydromorphone


• Lithium


• Milnacipran


• Tramadol


• Zotepine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of medicines in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Alcohol abuse—Drinking alcohol will add to the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of thioxanthenes.

• Blood disease or


• Enlarged prostate or


• Glaucoma or


• Heart or blood vessel disease or


• Lung disease or


• Parkinson's disease or


• Stomach ulcers or


• Urination problems—Thioxanthenes may make the condition worse.

• Liver disease—Higher blood levels of thioxanthenes may occur, increasing the chance of side effects.

• Reye's syndrome—The risk of liver problems may be increased.

• Seizure disorders—The risk of seizures may be increased.

Proper Use of thioxanthene

thioxanthene may be taken with food or a full glass (8 ounces) of water or milk to reduce stomach irritation.

For patients taking thiothixene oral solution:

• thioxanthene must be diluted before you take it. Just before taking, measure the dose with the specially marked dropper. Mix the medicine with a full glass of water, milk, tomato or fruit juice, soup, or carbonated beverage.

Do not take more of thioxanthene or take it more often than your doctor ordered. This is particularly important when thioxanthene is given to children, since they may react very strongly to its effects.

Sometimes thioxanthene must be taken for several weeks before its full effect is reached.

Dosing

The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For chlorprothixene


• For treatment of psychosis:
  
  • For oral dosage forms (suspension or tablets):
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 milligrams (mg) three or four times a day.
    
    
    • Children 6 to 12 years of age—10 to 25 mg three or four times a day.
    
    
    • Children up to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  
  • For injection dosage form:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 mg, injected into a muscle, three or four times a day.
    
    
    • Children up to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For flupenthixol


• For treatment of psychosis:
  
  • For oral dosage form (tablets):
    
    • Adults—To start, 1 milligram (mg) three times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose if needed, depending on your condition.
    
    
    • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  
  • For long-acting injection dosage form:
    
    • Adults—To start, 20 to 40 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle. Your doctor will determine whether your dose needs to be changed, depending on your condition.
    
    
    • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For thiothixene


• For treatment of psychosis:
  
  • For oral dosage forms (capsules and solution):
    
    • Adults and teenagers—To start, 2 milligrams (mg) three times a day, or 5 mg two times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose if needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 60 mg a day.
    
    
    • Children up to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  
  • For injection dosage form:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—4 milligrams (mg), injected into a muscle, two to four times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose if needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 30 mg a day.
    
    
    • Children up to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of thioxanthene, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using thioxanthene

Your doctor should check your progress at regular visits. This will allow the dosage of the medicine to be adjusted when necessary and also will reduce the possibility of side effects.

Do not stop taking thioxanthene without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are taking before stopping completely. This is to prevent side effects and to prevent your condition from becoming worse.

thioxanthene will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any such depressants while you are using thioxanthene.

Do not take thioxanthene within an hour of taking antacids or medicine for diarrhea. Taking them too close together may make thioxanthene less effective.

Before having any kind of surgery, dental treatment, or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are using thioxanthene. Taking thioxanthenes together with medicines that are used during surgery or dental or emergency treatments may increase the CNS depressant effects.

thioxanthene may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally, especially during the first few weeks the medicine is being taken. Even if you take thioxanthene only at bedtime, you may feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Make sure you know how you react to thioxanthene before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur while you are taking thioxanthene, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help. If the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.

thioxanthene may make you sweat less, causing your body temperature to increase. Use extra care not to become overheated during exercise or hot weather while you are taking thioxanthene, since overheating may result in heat stroke. Also, hot baths or saunas may make you feel dizzy or faint while you are taking thioxanthene.

Thioxanthenes may cause your skin to be more sensitive to sunlight than it is normally. Exposure to sunlight, even for brief periods of time, may cause a skin rash, itching, redness or other discoloration of the skin, or a severe sunburn. When you begin taking thioxanthene:

• Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., if possible.


• Wear protective clothing, including a hat. Also, wear sunglasses.


• Apply a sun block product that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Some patients may require a product with a higher SPF number, especially if they have a fair complexion. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.


• Apply a sun block lipstick that has an SPF of at least 15 to protect your lips.


• Do not use a sunlamp or tanning bed or booth.

If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor.

thioxanthene may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless gum or candy, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.

If you are taking a liquid form of thioxanthene, try to avoid spilling it on your skin or clothing. Skin rash and irritation have been caused by similar medicines.

If you are receiving thioxanthene by injection:

• The effects of the long-acting injection form of thioxanthene may last for up to 3 weeks. The precautions and side effects information for thioxanthene applies during this period of time.

thioxanthene Side Effects

Along with their needed effects, thioxanthenes can sometimes cause serious side effects. Tardive dyskinesia (a movement disorder) may occur and may not go away after you stop using the medicine. Signs of tardive dyskinesia include fine, worm-like movements of the tongue, or other uncontrolled movements of the mouth, tongue, cheeks, jaw, or arms and legs. Other serious but rare side effects may also occur. Some of these side effects, including severe muscle stiffness, fever, unusual tiredness or weakness, fast heartbeat, difficult breathing, increased sweating, loss of bladder control, and seizures, may be the sign of a condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome. You and your doctor should discuss the good thioxanthene will do as well as the risks of taking it.

Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Stop taking thioxanthene and get emergency help immediately if any of the following effects occur:

Rare

• Convulsions (seizures)


• difficulty in breathing


• fast heartbeat


• high fever


• high or low (irregular) blood pressure


• increased sweating


• loss of bladder control


• muscle stiffness (severe)


• unusually pale skin


• unusual tiredness

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Difficulty in talking or swallowing


• inability to move eyes


• lip smacking or puckering


• loss of balance control


• mask-like face


• muscle spasms, especially of the neck and back


• puffing of cheeks


• rapid or worm-like movements of tongue


• restlessness or need to keep moving (severe)


• shuffling walk


• stiffness of arms and legs


• trembling and shaking of fingers and hands


• twisting movements of body


• uncontrolled chewing movements


• uncontrolled movements of the arms and legs

Less common

• Blurred vision or other eye problems


• difficult urination


• fainting


• skin discoloration


• skin rash

Rare

• Hot, dry skin or lack of sweating


• increased blinking or spasms of eyelid


• muscle weakness


• sore throat and fever


• uncontrolled twisting movements of neck, trunk, arms, or legs


• unusual bleeding or bruising


• unusual facial expressions or body positions


• yellow eyes or skin

Symptoms of overdose

• Difficulty in breathing (severe)


• dizziness (severe)


• drowsiness (severe)


• muscle trembling, jerking, stiffness, or uncontrolled movements (severe)


• small pupils


• unusual excitement


• unusual tiredness or weakness (severe)

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Constipation


• decreased sweating


• dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting


• drowsiness (mild)


• dryness of mouth


• increased appetite and weight


• increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight (skin rash, itching, redness or other discoloration of skin, or severe sunburn)


• stuffy nose

Less common

• Changes in menstrual period


• decreased sexual ability


• swelling of breasts (in males and females)


• unusual secretion of milk

After you stop taking thioxanthene your body may need time to adjust, especially if you took thioxanthene in high doses or for a long time. If you stop taking it too quickly, the following withdrawal effects may occur and should be reported to your doctor:

• Dizziness


• nausea and vomiting


• stomach pain


• trembling of fingers and hands


• uncontrolled, continuing movements of mouth, tongue, or jaw

Although not all of the side effects listed above have been reported for all thioxanthenes, they have been reported for at least one of them. However, since these medicines are very similar, any of the above side effects may occur with any of them.

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

Kayexalate

Generic Name: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SOE dee um pol ee STEER een SUL foe nate)

Brand Names: Kalexate, Kayexalate, Kionex

What is Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate affects the exchange of sodium and potassium in the body.

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood, also called hyperkalemia.

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may also be used for purposes other than those listed here.

What is the most important information I should know about Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate can be given as a liquid by mouth, through a stomach feeding tube, or as a rectal enema. This medication is usually given 1 to 4 times daily by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting.

If possible, before you receive this medication, tell your doctor if you have a bowel obstruction, low blood levels of potassium, heart disease or high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, edema (water weight gain), kidney disease, or if you are constipated or on a low-salt diet.

In an emergency situation, it may not be possible before you are treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate to tell your caregivers about any health conditions you have or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. However, make sure any doctor caring for your pregnancy or your baby knows that you have received this medication.

Tell your caregivers right away if you have any signs that your potassium level is getting too low, such as: pain or fluttering in your chest, uneven heartbeats, feeling irritable or confused, severe muscle weakness, breathing problems, or inability to move your muscles.

Tell your doctor if you also take digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin), lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), thyroxine, or a diuretic (water pill).

Do not use salt substitutes or take potassium or calcium supplements unless your doctor has told you to. Avoid using antacids or laxatives without your doctor's advice.

You will need to keep using this medication even if you feel fine. Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms that you will notice.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before receiving Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)?

You should not receive this medication if you are allergic to sodium polystyrene sulfonate, or have certain conditions. Be sure your doctor knows if you have:

• 
  

  low potassium levels (hypokalemia); or

  
  


• 
  

  a bowel obstruction.

  
  

Before receiving sodium polystyrene sulfonate, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

• 
  

  heart disease or high blood pressure;

  
  


• 
  

  congestive heart failure;

  
  


• 
  

  edema (water weight gain);

  
  


• 
  

  kidney disease;

  
  


• 
  

  constipation; or

  
  


• 
  

  if you are on a low-salt diet.

  
  

If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use sodium polystyrene sulfonate, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.

FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether this medication passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

In an emergency situation, it may not be possible before treatment to tell your caregivers if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. However, make sure any doctor caring for your pregnancy or your baby knows that you have received this medication.

How is sodium polystyrene sulfonate given?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate can be given as a liquid by mouth, through a stomach feeding tube, or as a rectal enema. This medication is usually given 1 to 4 times daily by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting.

The powder form of this medicine is mixed with water, or syrup (to make it taste better if given by mouth).

If you are given the rectal enema, the liquid will be given slowly while you are lying down. You may need to hold the enema in for up to several hours. The sodium polystyrene sulfonate enema is usually followed with a second cleansing enema.

You will need to keep using this medication even if you feel fine. Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms that you will notice.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood will need to be tested often. This will help your doctor determine how long to treat you with sodium polystyrene sulfonate.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since this medication is usually given in a hospital, it is not likely that you will miss a dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Tell your caregivers at once if you think you have received too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include confusion, irritability, trouble thinking or concentrating, muscle weakness, or trouble breathing.

What should I avoid while receiving Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)?

Do not use salt substitutes or take potassium or calcium supplements unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid using antacids or laxatives without your doctor's advice. Antacids or laxatives can make sodium polystyrene sulfonate less effective or cause serious side effects.

Avoid eating or drinking anything that contains sorbitol (a fruit sugar often used as a sweetener in chewing gum, diet drinks, baked goods, or frozen desserts).

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Tell your caregivers right away if you have any of these serious side effects:

• 
  

  pain or fluttering in your chest;

  
  


• 
  

  uneven heartbeats;

  
  


• 
  

  feeling irritable or confused;

  
  


• 
  

  increased thirst or urination;

  
  


• 
  

  severe muscle weakness;

  
  


• 
  

  inability to move your muscles;

  
  


• 
  

  black, bloody, or tarry stools;

  
  


• 
  

  pain in your lower stomach or rectum; or

  
  


• 
  

  swelling, rapid weight gain.

  
  

Less serious side effects may include:

• 
  

  diarrhea or constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  nausea or vomiting;

  
  


• 
  

  upset stomach; or

  
  


• 
  

  loss of appetite.

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)?

Before receiving this medicine, tell your doctor if you also use:

• 
  

  digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin);

  
  


• 
  

  lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid);

  
  


• 
  

  thyroxine; or

  
  


• 
  

  a diuretic (water pill) such as triamterene (Dyrenium, Maxzide, Dyazide), spironolactone (Aldactone), or amiloride (Midamor).

  
  

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Kayexalate resources

• Kayexalate Side Effects (in more detail)
• Kayexalate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Kayexalate Drug Interactions
• Kayexalate Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Kayexalate - Add your own review/rating

• Kayexalate Powder MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Kayexalate Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Kayexalate Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Kionex Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Kayexalate with other medications

• Hyperkalemia

Where can I get more information?

• Your doctor or pharmacist can provide more information about sodium polystyrene.

See also: Kayexalate side effects (in more detail)