Online Articles Directory Wyoming

Monday, September 10, 2012

Potassium Bicarbonate

Pronunciation: poe-TAS-ee-um bi-CAR-bon-ate
Generic Name: Potassium Bicarbonate
Brand Name: Quick-K

Potassium Bicarbonate is used for:

Preventing or treating low blood potassium levels when the amount of potassium in the diet is inadequate. It may also be used to treat low potassium levels caused by some diseases, severe or prolonged episodes of vomiting or diarrhea, certain medicines (eg, corticosteroids, diuretics), surgery, or other conditions. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Potassium Bicarbonate is an electrolyte. It works by providing potassium when you have low levels of potassium in your blood.

Do NOT use Potassium Bicarbonate if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Potassium Bicarbonate

you have elevated blood potassium, elevated blood acid, severe kidney problems, dehydration, heat cramps, an extensive tissue injury (eg, severe burns), or untreated adrenal gland failure (Addison disease)

you have a blockage of the esophagus, stomach, or intestines

you are taking an aldosterone blocker (eg, eplerenone) or a potassium sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Potassium Bicarbonate:

Some medical conditions may interact with Potassium Bicarbonate. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have kidney problems, muscle weakness or paralysis, potassium excretion problems, diabetes, heart problems (eg, irregular heartbeat, mitral valve replacement), esophagus problems, high blood pressure, diarrhea, adrenal gland problems, or scleroderma

if you are confined to a bed or chair

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Potassium Bicarbonate. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Aldosterone blockers (eg, eplerenone), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, lisinopril), or potassium-sparing diuretics (eg, spironolactone, triamterene) because high blood potassium levels may occur and cause listlessness, confusion, abnormal skin sensations of the arms and legs, heaviness of limbs, slowed or irregular heartbeat, or stopping of the heart

Digoxin because the risk of its side effects may be increased by Potassium Bicarbonate

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Potassium Bicarbonate may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Potassium Bicarbonate:

Use Potassium Bicarbonate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Potassium Bicarbonate with food or after a meal to prevent stomach upset.

Take Potassium Bicarbonate with a full glass of water (8 oz/240 mL). Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking Potassium Bicarbonate.

Swallow Potassium Bicarbonate whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing.

If you miss a dose of Potassium Bicarbonate, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Potassium Bicarbonate.

Important safety information:

Do not use a salt substitute or a potassium supplement without checking with your doctor.

LAB TESTS, including blood potassium and electrocardiogram (ECG), may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

Potassium Bicarbonate is not recommended for use in CHILDREN. Safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Potassium Bicarbonate during pregnancy. Potassium Bicarbonate is excreted into breast milk. Do not breast-feed while you are taking Potassium Bicarbonate.

Possible side effects of Potassium Bicarbonate:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; gas; nausea; stomach discomfort; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry stools; chest pain; irregular heartbeat; listlessness; numbness or tingling in your skin, lips, hands, or feet; severe nausea or vomiting; stomach pain; unusual confusion or anxiety; unusual muscle weakness or paralysis; vomit that looks like coffee grounds; weak or heavy legs.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Potassium Bicarbonate side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include abnormal skin sensations of the arms and legs; bloody stools; confusion; heaviness of limbs; listlessness; slow or irregular heartbeat; slowed breathing rate; stopping of the heart.

Proper storage of Potassium Bicarbonate:

Store Potassium Bicarbonate at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Potassium Bicarbonate out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Potassium Bicarbonate, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Potassium Bicarbonate is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Potassium Bicarbonate. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Potassium Bicarbonate resources

Potassium Bicarbonate Side Effects (in more detail)
Potassium Bicarbonate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Potassium Bicarbonate Drug Interactions
Potassium Bicarbonate Support Group
0 Reviews for Potassium Bicarbonate - Add your own review/rating

potassium bicarbonate Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

K+Care ET Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Compare Potassium Bicarbonate with other medications

Hypokalemia
Prevention of Hypokalemia

Iopox

Iopox may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Iopox

Povidone Iodine

Povidone-Iodine is reported as an ingredient of Iopox in the following countries:

Argentina

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C

Pronunciation: EYE-urn/meth-ill-FOE-late/VYE-ta-min
Generic Name: Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C
Brand Name: Maxaron Forte

Accidental overdose of products that contain iron is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children younger than 6 years old. Keep this and all medicines out of the reach of children. In case of accidental ingestion, call the poison control center or a doctor right away.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C is used for:

Preventing and treating certain types of anemia (eg, caused by low blood iron levels, poor nutrition). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C is a vitamin, folic acid, and iron combination. It works by providing vitamins, folic acid, and iron to the body.

Do NOT use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C

you have certain iron metabolism problems (eg, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis) or you have high levels of iron in your blood

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C:

Some medical conditions may interact with Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have another type of anemia (eg, hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia) or other blood problems (eg, porphyria, thalassemia)

if you have stomach or bowel problems (eg, colitis, Crohn disease, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer)

if you have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

if you have had multiple blood transfusions

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Doxycycline, hydantoins (eg, phenytoin), penicillamine, or thyroid hormones (eg, levothyroxine) because their effectiveness may be decreased by Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C:

Use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.

If you also take an antacid, a bisphosphonate (eg, alendronate), cefdinir, eltrombopag, methyldopa, penicillamine, a quinolone antibiotic (eg, ciprofloxacin), or a tetracycline antibiotic (eg, minocycline), ask your doctor or pharmacist how to take it with Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C.

If you miss a dose of Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C.

Important safety information:

Do NOT take more than the recommended dose without checking with your doctor.

Do not take large doses of vitamins (megadoses or megavitamin therapy) while you use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C unless your doctor tells you to.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C has folic acid and iron in it. Before you start any new medicine, check the label to see if it also has folic acid or iron in it too. If it does or if you are not sure, check with your doctor or pharmacist.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C has iron in it. Iron overdose is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children younger than 6 years old. In case of an overdose, call a doctor or poison control center right away.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C may darken the stools. This is normal and not cause for concern.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C may interfere with certain lab tests, including tests used to check for blood in the stool. Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are taking Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C.

Lab tests, including hematocrit, hemoglobin levels, and blood iron levels, may be performed while you use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C while you are pregnant. Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; dark stools; diarrhea; nausea; stomach pain; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry, or bloody stools; severe or persistent nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include black, tarry, or bloody stools; blue or unusually pale skin; drowsiness or dizziness; fainting; fast heartbeat; increased thirst or urination; seizures; severe or persistent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pain; sluggishness; vomiting blood; weakness.

Proper storage of Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C:

Store Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C resources

Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C Drug Interactions
Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C Support Group
11 Reviews for Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C - Add your own review/rating

Compare Iron/L-Methylfolate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin C with other medications

Anemia
Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency

Wednesday, September 5, 2012

Atralin

Generic Name: tretinoin topical (TRET in oin)

Brand Names: Altinac, Atralin, Avita, Renova, Retin A Micro Gel, Retin-A, Tretin-X

What is tretinoin topical?

Tretinoin is a topical (applied to the skin) form of vitamin A that helps the skin renew itself.

The Retin-A and Avita brands of tretinoin are used to treat acne. The Renova brand of tretinoin is used to reduce the appearance of fine wrinkles and mottled skin discoloration, and to make rough facial skin feel smoother.

Tretinoin topical may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about tretinoin topical?

Avoid exposure to sunlight or artificial UV rays (sunlamps or tanning beds). Tretinoin topical can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight and sunburn may result. Use a sunscreen (minimum SPF 15) and wear protective clothing if you must be out in the sun. Avoid getting this medication in your eyes, mouth, and nose, or on your lips. If it does get into any of these areas, wash with water. Do not use tretinoin topical on sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, irritated, or broken skin. Also avoid using this medication in wounds or on areas of eczema. Wait until these conditions have healed before using tretinoin topical. Use this medication for as many days as it has been prescribed for you even if you think it is not working. It may take weeks or months of use before you notice improvement in your skin. If you are using tretinoin topical to treat acne, your condition may get slightly worse for a short time when you first start using the medication. Call your doctor if skin irritation becomes severe or if your acne does not improve within 8 to 12 weeks.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using tretinoin topical?

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether tretinoin topical is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Tretinoin topical can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use tretinoin topical?

Use tretinoin topical exactly as your doctor has prescribed it for you. Using more medicine or applying it more often than prescribed will not make it work any faster, and may increase side effects. Do not use this medication for longer than your doctor has prescribed.

Wash your hands before and after applying tretinoin topical. Before applying, clean and dry the skin area to be treated.

Applying tretinoin topical to wet skin may cause skin irritation. If you use Renova, wait at least 20 minutes after washing your face before applying a thin layer of the medication.

Do not wash the treated area for at least 1 hour after applying tretinoin topical. Avoid the use of other skin products on the treated area for at least 1 hour following application of tretinoin topical.

Applying an excessive amount of tretinoin gel may result in "pilling" of the medication. If this occurs, use a thinner layer of gel with the next application.

Tretinoin topical should be used as part of a complete skin care program that includes avoiding sunlight and using an effective sunscreen and protective clothing.

Use this medication for as many days as it has been prescribed for you even if you think it is not working. It may take weeks or months of use before you notice improvement in your skin. If you are using tretinoin topical to treat acne, your condition may get slightly worse for a short time when you first start using the medication. Call your doctor if skin irritation becomes severe or if your acne does not improve within 8 to 12 weeks. Store tretinoin topical at room temperature away from moisture and heat. The gel formulations of Retin-A are flammable, keep them away from open flame.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Use the medication as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and wait until your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not apply extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Tretinoin topical is not expected to cause overdose symptoms.

What should I avoid while using tretinoin topical?

Avoid using skin products that can cause irritation, such as harsh soaps, shampoos, or skin cleansers, hair coloring or permanent chemicals, hair removers or waxes, or skin products with alcohol, spices, astringents, or lime. Do not use other medication skin products unless your doctor has told you to.

Your skin may be more sensitive to weather extremes such as cold and wind while using this medicine.

Tretinoin topical side effects

Stop using this medication and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Less serious side effects may include burning, warmth, stinging, tingling, itching, redness, swelling, dryness, peeling, irritation, or discolored skin.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect tretinoin topical?

Do not use skin products that contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, or salicylic acid unless otherwise directed by your doctor. These products can cause severe skin irritation if used with tretinoin topical.

The following drugs can interact with tretinoin topical, which can make your skin more sensitive to natural and artificial sunlight. Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you are using any of these:

a diuretic (water pill);

tetracycline (Sumycin, Panmycin, Robitet), minocycline (Minocin), doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin), demeclocycline (Declomycin), and others;

an antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ofloxacin (Floxin), and others;

a sulfa drug such as Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim, and others; or

chlorpromazine (Thorazine), prochlorperazine (Compazine), fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin), promethazine (Phenergan, Promethegan), perphenazine (Trilafon), and others.

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can affect tretinoin topical. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Atralin resources

Atralin Side Effects (in more detail)
Atralin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Atralin Drug Interactions
Atralin Support Group
24 Reviews for Atralin - Add your own review/rating

Atralin Topical Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Atralin Consumer Overview

Avita Prescribing Information (FDA)

Avita Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Refissa Prescribing Information (FDA)

Renova Emollient Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Renova Consumer Overview

Retin-A Prescribing Information (FDA)

Tretin-X Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare Atralin with other medications

Acne
Photoaging of the Skin

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about tretinoin topical.

See also: Atralin side effects (in more detail)

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Timolol

Pronunciation: TIM-oh-lole
Generic Name: Timolol
Brand Name: Blocadren

Do not suddenly stop taking Timolol. Sharp chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and sometimes heart attack may occur if you suddenly stop Timolol. The risk may be greater if you have certain types of heart disease. Your doctor should slowly lower your dose over several weeks if you need to stop taking it. This should be done even if you only take Timolol for high blood pressure. Heart disease is common and you may not know you have it. Limit physical activity while you are lowering your dose. If new or worsened chest pain or other heart problems occur, contact your doctor right away. You may need to start taking Timolol again.

Timolol is used for:

Treating high blood pressure. It is also used to help prevent a second heart attack in patients who have survived a first heart attack and are stable and to prevent migraines. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Timolol is a beta-blocker. It works by interfering with body chemicals that shrink blood vessels and interfere with normal heart contractions.

Do NOT use Timolol if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Timolol or to similar medicines

you have asthma, a history of asthma, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

you have severe slow heartbeat or rapid heartbeat; heart blockage, failure, or shock; or low systolic blood pressure

you are taking mibefradil, theophyllines (eg, aminophylline), cocaine, or sympathomimetics (eg, epinephrine)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Timolol:

Some medical conditions may interact with Timolol. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have heart disease, heart failure, blood flow problems, bronchitis or another lung problem, tumors on your adrenal gland, diabetes mellitus, an overactive thyroid, or you are suffering from an allergic reaction, or you will be having surgery

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Timolol. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Indomethacin and derivatives, ibuprofen, naproxen, phenylpropanolamine, sulfinpyrazone, or sulindac because they may decrease Timolol's effectiveness

Anticholinesterases (eg, pyridostigmine), cimetidine, diltiazem, disopyramide, flecainide, ketanserin, lithium, mefloquine, mibefradil, nifedipine and derivatives, propafenone, quinidine, reserpine, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine), or verapamil and derivatives because side effects, such as low blood pressure and slowed heart rate, may occur

Bupivacaine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, acetazolamide), cocaine, disopyramide, sympathomimetics (eg, epinephrine), ergot alkaloids (eg, ergotamine), flecainide, insulin, ketanserin, mefloquine, meglitinide antidiabetics (eg, repaglinide), methyldopa, nifedipine and derivatives, quinazolines (eg, imatinib), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine), or verapamil and derivatives because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Timolol

Glucagon, meglitinide antidiabetics (eg, repaglinide), phenformin, sympathomimetics (eg, pseudoephedrine, albuterol), or theophyllines (eg, aminophylline) because the their effectiveness may be decreased by Timolol

Clonidine because when it is discontinued it may cause rebound high blood pressure

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Timolol may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Timolol:

Use Timolol as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Timolol by mouth with or without food.

If you miss a dose of Timolol, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Timolol.

Important safety information:

Timolol may cause drowsiness or dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Timolol with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

Additional monitoring of your dose or condition may be needed if you are taking prazosin.

Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Timolol before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.

If you have high blood pressure, do not use nonprescription products that contain stimulants. These products may include diet pills or cold medicines. Contact your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.

Diabetes patients - Timolol may hide signs of low blood sugar, such as a rapid heartbeat. Be sure to watch for other signs of low blood sugar. Low blood sugar may make you anxious, sweaty, weak, dizzy, drowsy, or faint. It may also make your vision change; give you a headache, chills, or tremors; or make you more hungry. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

Patients who take medicine for high blood pressure often feel tired or run down for a few weeks after starting treatment. Be sure to take your medicine even if you may not feel "normal." Tell your doctor if you develop any new symptoms.

If your doctor has instructed you to check your blood pressure and heart rate regularly, be sure to do so.

Timolol should not be used in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Timolol while you are pregnant. Timolol is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Timolol.

Possible side effects of Timolol:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Dizziness; fatigue/tiredness; lightheadedness; mild drowsiness; slow heartbeat; unusual weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); breathing problems; chest pain; irregular heart rhythms.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include difficult or slowed breathing; fainting; low blood pressure; severe dizziness; very slow heart rate; weakness.

Proper storage of Timolol:

Store Timolol at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Timolol out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Timolol, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Timolol is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Timolol. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Timolol resources

Timolol Dosage
Timolol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Timolol Drug Interactions
Timolol Support Group
0 Reviews for Timolol - Add your own review/rating

Timolol Prescribing Information (FDA)

Timolol eent Monograph (AHFS DI)

timolol Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

timolol Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Blocadren Prescribing Information (FDA)

Timolol Maleate Monograph (AHFS DI)

Compare Timolol with other medications

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Monday, September 3, 2012

Trichophyton

Dosage Form: injection for intradermal skin testing
ALLERGENIC EXTRACT Trichophyton for Intradermal Skin Testing

Warnings

This product is intended for use by physicians who are experienced in the administration of allergenic extracts or for use under the guidance of an allergy specialist. Skin tests should be performed after the patient's physical well being and allergic history have been evaluated. Patients should be instructed to recognize adverse reaction symptoms and cautioned to contact the physician if symptoms occur. As with all allergenic extracts, severe systemic reactions may occur, and in certain individuals these reactions may cause death. Patients should be observed for at least 20 minutes after skin tests have been completed. Emergency measures as well as personnel trained in their use should be immediately available in the event of a life threatening reaction.

This product should never be injected intravenously (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Also, see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS and OVERDOSE Sections below.

Trichophyton Description

Trichophyton extract for diagnostic skin testing is a sterile solution that is prepared by extracting allergenic source material of equal parts of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum with an aqueous solution of 0.25% sodium chloride, 0.125% sodium bicarbonate and 50% glycerol v/v. Phenol is added at 0.4% w/v as a preservative. Extract for intradermal administration is diluted with the above solution without glycerol.

WEIGHT BY VOLUME (W/V) Weight by volume refers to the weight of raw product added to a measured volume of extraction solution. A 1:500 w/v extract contains 1 gram of source material in 500 mL of solution. The w/v designation refers to concentration rather than potency. Extract labeled w/v has no U.S. Standard of Potency.

Trichophyton - Clinical Pharmacology

In sensitive persons, allergenic extract elicits immediate-type skin reactions consisting of erythema and edema at the test site. This allergic inflammatory response is thought to begin with the reaction of allergen with immunoglobulin E (IgE) on the surface of the mast cell. This antigen-antibody reaction initiates a series of biochemical events that result in the release of histamine and other mediators from the mast cell. These mediators are responsible for the characteristic wheal and flare response associated with a positive skin test. The initial antigen-antibody reaction appears to be a specific response that is dependent upon the presence of allergen-specific IgE attached to the mast cell2,3.

Delayed-type reactions occur in some individuals following the intradermal administration of Trichophyton extract. This response is due to the presence of sensitized lymphocytes. The reaction is characterized by erythema and induration that peaks between 24 and 48 hours after skin testing4.

Indications and Usage for Trichophyton

Intradermal skin tests with Trichophyton extract are indicated for use in persons who are suspected of having Type I hypersensitivity (i.e. allergy) to the fungus.

Contraindications

Conditions under which the administration of allergenic extract may be contraindicated, depending upon individual circumstances, include: EXTREME SENSITIVITY TO AN ALLERGEN - Determined from the allergic history, or from previous anaphylaxis following skin testing or subcutaneous injection; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION - Patients who have experienced a recent myocardial infarction may be less able to tolerate the life-threatening effects of a serious adverse reaction. ASTHMA - Patients with highly unstable asthma are at greater risk of fatal reactions from skin tests than are patients without asthma, especially during seasonal exacerbations of the disease. Also, the combination of unstable asthma and treatment with B-adrenergic blockers appears to increase this risk5. Allergenic extract should be temporarily withheld from patients if any of the following conditions exist: 1) severe symptoms of hay fever and/or asthma; 2) infection or flu accompanied by fever; and 3) exposure to excessive amounts of clinically relevant allergen(s) prior to skin testing.

Warnings

Physicians who use allergenic extracts should have a knowledge and practical understanding of allergy skin testing as described in the published literature6,7,8.

Allergenic extracts are manufactured to assure high potency and therefore have the ability to cause serious local and systemic reactions, including death in highly sensitive patients5. Patients should be informed of the risks of skin testing and instructed in the recognition of symptoms of an adverse allergic reaction (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS below).

Excessively large local reactions or systemic reactions are more likely to occur if the patient is skin tested shortly after exposure to allergens to which he or she is sensitive.

Precautions

GENERAL It is recommended that the device used to perform skin tests be disposable to prevent the possibility of accidental transfer of serum hepatitis, HIV and other infectious agents from one person to another. Injectable epinephrine should be available when skin tests are administered (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

PATIENT INFORMATION Skin tests with allergenic extracts are usually safe and effective in the diagnosis of allergic diseases when used properly and when interpreted in conjunction with the allergic history and clinical findings. Patients should be observed in the office for 20 minutes after skin tests have been completed9 and instructed to return to the office or emergency room if symptoms of an allergic reaction or shock occur. The risk of a serious adverse reaction is always present. However, it is minimized by the use of the prick-puncture procedure as the initial method of testing. In a study of 16,204 persons in the United States between 6 and 74 years of age, no anaphylactic reactions were observed after prick-puncture skin testing with eight different allergenic extracts. The authors concluded that the risk of adverse reactions to prick-puncture skin tests is low and similar to other routine medical procedures, such as venipuncture10.

Since drugs may affect the reactivity of the skin, patients should be instructed to avoid medications, particularly antihistamines and sympathomimetic drugs prior to skin testing (see DRUG INTERACTION below).

DRUG INTERACTION Treatment with beta-blocking drugs may make patients refractory to the usual dose of epinephrine, in the event epinephrine is required to control an adverse reaction11.

Since drugs may affect the reactivity of the skin, patients should be instructed to avoid medications, particularly antihistamines and sympathomimetic drugs for at least 24 hours prior to skin testing. Non-sedating antihistamine suppresses the erythema/edema response for longer periods and should be withheld according to information included in the package insert. Adrenal corticosteroids and ACTH do not alter the immediate hypersensitivity reaction of the skin but do reduce delayed-type reactions associated with cellular hypersensitivity.

CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY Long-term studies in animals have not been conducted with allergenic extracts to determine their potential for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity or impairment of fertility.

PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Allergenic Extracts. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with allergenic extracts. It is also not known whether allergenic extracts can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Allergenic extracts should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Since studies indicate no increased risk to the fetus or to the mother who is treated cautiously with immunotherapy during a normal pregnancy, it is unlikely that extract administered by skin test will be harmful. However, on the basis of histamine's known ability to contract uterine muscle, extensive testing with its possibility of histamine release should be avoided during pregnancy. Also, immunologic suppressive action can occur during pregnancy and for this reason it is possible that the results of allergy skin tests may not accurately reflect the allergic state of the pregnant patient12.

NURSING MOTHERS It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when allergenic extract is administered to a nursing woman.

PEDIATRIC USE The procedures and precautions that are observed in skin testing adults should be observed with children13.

Adverse Reactions

LOCAL REACTIONS Large, persistent local reactions or minor exacerbations of the patient's allergic symptoms may be treated by local cold applications and/or the use of oral anti-histamines.

SYSTEMIC REACTIONS Allergenic extracts are highly potent and in highly sensitive individuals can cause systemic symptoms, including anaphylaxis. It cannot be overemphasized that anaphylactic shock is always a possibility under certain unpredictable combinations of circumstances. Other possible systemic reaction symptoms may include fainting, pallor, bradycardia, hypotension, angioedema, cough, wheezing, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and urticaria. Therefore, it is imperative that physicians administering skin tests understand and be prepared to treat severe allergic reactions.

If a systemic or anaphylactic reaction occurs during or following skin testing, the patient should be treated with 1:1000 epinephrine hydrochloride. The recommended dose: infants to 2 years of age 0.05 to 0.1 mL, children 2 to 6 years, 0.15 mL, children 6 to 12 years, 0.2 mL, adults 0.3 - 0.5 mL. If necessary, treatment may be repeated up to three times every 10 - 15 minutes.

After administration of epinephrine, profound shock or vasomotor collapse should be treated with intravenous fluids and possibly vasoactive drugs. Oxygen should be given by mask. Intravenous antihistamine, aminophylline, inhaled bronchodilators or adrenal corticosteroids may be used if necessary after adequate epinephrine and circulatory support have been given. Emergency resuscitation measures and personnel trained in their use should be available immediately. The physician should be prepared in advance for all contingencies. Promptness in beginning emergency treatment is of utmost importance14.

Serious adverse reactions should be reported to MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program, Office Of The Center Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 5515 Security Lane, Suite 5100, Rockville, MD 20852, Telephone (800) 332-1088.

Overdosage

The signs and symptoms of overdosage are the same as those listed under ADVERSE REACTIONS, paragraphs 1 and 2.

The treatment of a systemic allergic reaction resulting from skin tests should include the following:

The patient should be placed in the recumbent position to maintain blood flow to the head.

Aqueous epinephrine 1:1,000 should be administered subcutaneously. See ADVERSE REACTIONS for dose and other supportive measures.

Reassurance should be provided.

The above steps should be performed nearly simultaneously and as soon as possible after the reaction begins. Persistent wheezing may necessitate treatment with intravenous aminophylline and inhaled bronchodilators. For profound shock and hypotension, intravenous fluids, vasopressors and oxygen also may be needed. Maintenance of an open airway is critical if upper airway obstruction is present. Corticosteroids may provide benefit if symptoms are prolonged or recurrent.

Trichophyton Dosage and Administration

Prior to administering skin tests, the skin should be cleaned with alcohol and allowed to dry completely. The tests should be placed on the volar surface of the forearm and four rows may be placed on the back.

INTRADERMAL TEST The intradermal test is performed by administering 0.1 mL of extract into the skin. The injection should be given as superficially as possible creating a distinct bleb approximately 5 mm in diameter. The tests should be examined after 15 - 20 minutes and read as negative or positive. Test sites that show a wheal and flare response should be measured and reported in mm of edema and erythema or scored as 1+ to 4+ based on a mm reference scale. Induration after 24 - 48 hours can occur in some individuals and also may be recorded in mm.

How is Trichophyton Supplied

One mL of extract for intradermal skin testing is supplied in 2 mL sealed multidose vials. Each vial contains enough extract for 10 tests.

STORAGE

Extract should be stored at 2°C to 8°C, since higher temperatures may adversely affect the stability of allergens. Do not freeze.

REFERENCES

Turkeltaub, P.C., The allergy unit - clinical relevance: Issues in allergen standardization, In: Lockey, R.F., S.C. Bukantz (Eds), Allergen Immunotherapy, Marcel Dekkar, New York, 171, 1991.

Ting, S., E.H. Dunsky, R.M. Lavker, et al., Patterns of mast cell alterations and in vivo mediator release in human allergic skin reactions, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 66:417, 1980.

Zweiman, B., Mediators of allergic inflammation in the skin, Clin. Allergy, 18:419, 1988.

Askenase, Philip W., Effector and regulatory mechanisms in delayed-type hypersensitivity, Allergy Principles and Practice, vol.1, p. 264, third edition, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1988.

Lockey, R.F., L.M. Benedict, P.C. Turkeltaub, S.C. Buicantz, Fatalities from immunotherapy (IT) and skin testing (ST), J. Allergy and Clinical Immunol., 79:660, 1987.

Nelson, H.S., Diagnostic procedures in allergy: I. Allergy skin testing, Ann. Allergy, 51: 411, 1983.

Bierman, C.W., D.S. Pearlman, G.G. Shapiro, W.W. Busse (Eds), Allergic disease from infancy to adulthood, Third edition, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1996.

Middleton, E., Jr., C.E. Reed, E.F. Ellis, N.F. Adkinson, J.W. Yunginger (Eds), Allergy principles and practice, Fourth edition, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1993.

Executive Committee, The American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Position Statement, The waiting period after allergen skin testing and immunotherapy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 85:526, 1990.

Turkeltaub, P.C., P.J. Gergen, The risk of adverse reactions from percutaneous prick-puncture allergen skin testing, venipuncture and body measurements: data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) 1976-1980, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 84:886, 1989.

Jacobs, Robert L., Goeffrey W. Rake, Jr., et al., Potentiated anaphylaxis in patients with drug-induced beta-adrenergic blockade, J. Allergy and Clinical Immunol., 68:125, 1981.

Weinstein, A.M., D.B. Dubin, W. K. Podleski, L.L. Spector, R.S. Farr, Asthma and pregnancy, JAMA 134: 1161, 1979.

Sly, M.R., Pediatric allergy, Medical Examination Publishing Co., Inc., Second edition, p.352, 1981.

Executive Committee, The American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Position Statement, Personnel and equipment to treat systemic reactions caused by immunotherapy with allergenic extracts. J. Allergy and Clinical Immunol., 77:271, 1986.

Trichophyton FOR INTRADERMAL SKIN TESTING
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum injection

Product Information
Product Type	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG	NDC Product Code (Source)	49643-128
Route of Administration	CUTANEOUS, SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRADERMAL	DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient Name	Basis of Strength	Strength
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes)	Trichophyton mentagrophytes	1 g in 1000 mL
Trichophyton rubrum (Trichophyton rubrum)	Trichophyton rubrum	1 g in 1000 mL

Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient Name	Strength
Sodium chloride	0.25 g in 100 mL
Sodium bicarbonate	0.125 g in 100 mL
Glycerin	53 mL in 100 mL
Phenol	0.4 g in 100 mL
Water

Product Characteristics
Color		Score
Shape		Size
Flavor		Imprint Code
Contains

Packaging
#	NDC	Package Description	Multilevel Packaging
1	49643-128-01	1 mL In 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE	None

Marketing Information
Marketing Category	Application Number or Monograph Citation	Marketing Start Date	Marketing End Date
BLA	BLA102211	08/15/2007

Labeler - Allermed Laboratories, Inc. (073364531)

Establishment
Name	Address	ID/FEI	Operations
Allermed Laboratories, Inc.		073364531	manufacture

Revised: 05/2009Allermed Laboratories, Inc.

More Trichophyton resources

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Sunday, September 2, 2012

Atacand

Generic Name: candesartan (kan de SAR tan)

Brand Names: Atacand

What is candesartan?

Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Candesartan keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.

Candesartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is sometimes given together with other blood pressure medications.

Candesartan is also used to treat kidney problems caused by type 2 diabetes.

Candesartan may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about candesartan?

Do not use candesartan if you are pregnant. Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant. Candesartan can cause injury or death to the unborn baby if you take the medicine during your second or third trimester. Use effective birth control while taking candesartan. You should not use this medication if you are allergic to candesartan. Drinking alcohol can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of candesartan.

Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking candesartan, unless your doctor has told you to.

Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. Visit your doctor regularly.

If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel well. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life.

In rare cases, candesartan can cause a condition that results in the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to kidney failure. Call your doctor right away if you have unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially if you also have fever, unusual tiredness, and dark colored urine.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking candesartan?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to candesartan.

To make sure you can safely take candesartan, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

kidney disease;

liver disease;

congestive heart failure;

an electrolyte imbalance; or

if you are dehydrated.

FDA pregnancy category D. Do not use candesartan if you are pregnant. Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant. Candesartan can cause injury or death to the unborn baby if you take the medicine during your second or third trimester. Use effective birth control while taking candesartan.

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication.

It is not known whether candesartan passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take candesartan?

Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.

You may take candesartan with or without food.

Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. Visit your doctor regularly.

It may take 2 to 4 weeks of using this medicine before your blood pressure is under control. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 4 weeks of treatment.

If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using candesartan. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include fast or slow heartbeat, dizziness, or feeling like you might pass out.

What should I avoid while taking candesartan?

Drinking alcohol can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of candesartan. Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking candesartan, unless your doctor has told you to. Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.

Candesartan side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. In rare cases, candesartan can cause a condition that results in the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to kidney failure. Call your doctor right away if you have muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially if you also have fever, nausea or vomiting, and dark colored urine. Call your doctor at once if you have any other serious side effect, such as:

feeling like you might pass out;

chest pain;

swelling in your hands or feet; or

slow heart rate, weak pulse, tingly feeling.

Less serious side effects may include:

runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough;

back pain;

joint pain;

stomach pain, diarrhea;

headache, dizziness; or

tired feeling.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect candesartan?

Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially:

a diuretic (water pill);

lithium (Eskalith, LithoBid, Lithonate); or

an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Treximet), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Arthrotec, Cambia, Cataflam, Voltaren, Flector Patch, Pennsaid, Solareze), indomethacin (Indocin), meloxicam (Mobic), and others.

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with candesartan. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Atacand Prescribing Information (FDA)

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Atacand Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

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Compare Atacand with other medications

Heart Failure
High Blood Pressure

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about candesartan.

See also: Atacand side effects (in more detail)